Simulation of optimum conditions for heat and mass transfer in growing large crystals by horizontal directional solidification

This paper describes the experimental study of the conditions of heat and mass transfer in horizontal directional solidification of refractory oxide compounds in the case of heating the rear part of the container from below. It is established that such heating causes significant changes in the nature of the mass transfer in the central area of the liquid layer. As a result, a stable structure is formed, providing the liquid flow from the rear of the container to the crystallization front, mass transfer in the near-surface and near-bottom vortices, and a more efficient mixing of the melt.