The spectrum of a self-adjoint differential operator with rapidly oscillating coefficients on the axis

The asymptotic behaviour of the spectrum of a self-adjoint second-order differential operator on the axis is investigated. The coefficients of this operator depend on rapid and slow variables and are periodic in the rapid variable. The period of oscillations in the rapid variable is a small parameter. The dependence of the coefficients on the rapid variable is localized, and they stop depending on it at infinity. Asymptotic expansions for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the operator in question are constructed. It is shown that, apart from eigenvalues convergent to eigenvalues of the homogenized operator as the small parameter converges to zero, the perturbed operator can also have an eigenvalue convergent to the boundary of the continuous spectrum. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such an eigenvalue are obtained.
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