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Russian Mathematical Surveys, 2012, Volume 67, Issue 3, Pages 459–507
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1070/RM2012v067n03ABEH004794
(Mi rm9476)
 

This article is cited in 9 scientific papers (total in 10 papers)

Roots and decompositions of three-dimensional topological objects

S. V. Matveevab

a Chelyabinsk State University
b Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
References:
Abstract: In 1942 M. H. A. Newman formulated and proved a simple lemma of great importance for various fields of mathematics, including algebra and the theory of Gröbner–Shirshov bases. Later it was called the Diamond Lemma, since its key construction was illustrated by a diamond-shaped diagram. In 2005 the author suggested a new version of this lemma suitable for topological applications. This paper gives a survey of results on the existence and uniqueness of prime decompositions of various topological objects: three-dimensional manifolds, knots in thickened surfaces, knotted graphs, three-dimensional orbifolds, and knotted theta-curves in three-dimensional manifolds. As it turned out, all these topological objects admit a prime decomposition, although it is not unique in some cases (for example, in the case of orbifolds). For theta-curves and knots of geometric degree 1 in a thickened torus, the algebraic structure of the corresponding semigroups can be completely described. In both cases the semigroups are quotients of free groups by explicit commutation relations.
Bibliography: 33 titles.
Keywords: three-dimensional manifold, knot, virtual knot, prime decomposition, orbifold.
Received: 03.10.2011
Bibliographic databases:
Document Type: Article
UDC: 515.162.3
MSC: 57M25, 57M27
Language: English
Original paper language: Russian
Citation: S. V. Matveev, “Roots and decompositions of three-dimensional topological objects”, Russian Math. Surveys, 67:3 (2012), 459–507
Citation in format AMSBIB
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\by S.~V.~Matveev
\paper Roots and decompositions of three-dimensional topological objects
\jour Russian Math. Surveys
\yr 2012
\vol 67
\issue 3
\pages 459--507
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  • https://doi.org/10.1070/RM2012v067n03ABEH004794
  • https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/rm/v67/i3/p63
  • This publication is cited in the following 10 articles:
    Citing articles in Google Scholar: Russian citations, English citations
    Related articles in Google Scholar: Russian articles, English articles
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