α-Halo-α-nitrocarboxylic acids and their derivatives

The methods for synthesising α-halo-α-nitrocarboxylic acids and their functional derivatives are reviewed. Reference is made to IR, NMR, and Raman spectroscopic data, calculation methods, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and information on the acidity and electron- and proton-donor capacities of the compounds is given. Reactions involving C–H and C–Hal bonds, carboxyl and nitro groups, the mechanisms of the most important reactions, and data on the toxicity and physiological activity are discussed.
The bibliography includes 196 references.