Multiscale structural changes of atomic order in severely deformed industrial aluminum

The regularities of multiscale structural changes in the atomic order of the aluminum alloy AD-1 after a severe cold plastic deformation by conventional rolling in smooth rolls or in rolls with relief recesses favorable for shear deformation have been investigated. It has been found that there are four types of structural fractions that differ in scale and perfection of atomic order: crystallographic planes with a long-range order; nanoscale fragments of the planes ($D$ = 100–300 $\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$) with an incipient long-range order; smaller groups of atoms ($D$ = 20–30 $\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$) of amorphized structure; and the least ordered structural fraction of intercluster medium, keeping only a short-range atomic order (2–3 interatomic distances, 10 $\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$). The presence of diffuse halo bands in the region of intense Debye lines indicates phase transitions of the order $\to$ disorder type with the formation of one to three groups of amorphous clusters with the dominance, in the nanometer scale, of the atomic order characteristic of the family of planes (111), (220), and (311) of crystalline aluminum. We have found a dynamic phase transition with the changing crystallographic order of aluminum, with the matrix structure of a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, in the form of nanosized local groups of atoms, that is, the deformation clusters of aluminum with a simple cubic K6 lattice. In the case of conventional rolling, the development of large clusters 50–500 $\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$ in size is observed; however, in the use of rolls with relief recesses, the difference in the sizes of the clusters is one half as much: 50–250 $\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$. Based on the analysis of the integrated intensity of incoherent X-ray scattering by the samples, we have elucidated the nature of the lowest measured density for the sample subjected to conventional rolling, which consists in the volume concentration of disorderly arranged atoms, the highest of the compared structures, which indicates the formation therein of the greatest amount of fluctuation “voids”.