Holographic duality, black holes and high energy physics

Holographic duality is one of the most important discoveries in theoretical physics of last several decades. Method of holographic duality is closely related with AdS/CFT correspondence of Maldacena between the tipe IIB superstring theory on the product of the 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter space AdS$_5$ and the 5-dimensional sphere $S^5$ from one side and the $N=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on the 4-dimensional Minkowski space from another side. Minkowski space is considered here as the boundary of AdS$_5$ space. In the Euclidean context of AdS/CFT duality the role of AdS space is played by Poincare's model of the Lobachevsky geometry.
For the gauge group SU(N) in the `t Hooft limit for large $N$ one gets gravity/gauge theory duality. The holographic method provides an approach to study properties of quantum field theories in strong coupling regime using solutions of the classical gravity theories in high dimensions, in particular to compute the temperature correlation functions in quantum chromodynamics when there is no superesymmetry.
In the talk an introduction to the method of holographic duality and its applications to description of quark-gluon plasma formation in the heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and in early Universe will be presented. Holographic description of thermalization of quark-gluon plasma corresponds to the formation of a black hole in AdS$_5$ space. Multiplicity of particles produced in the heavy-ion collisions is related to entropy of the black hole and modification of the Landau hydrodynamics is obtained.
The talk is based on the article I. Ya. Aref'eva, “Holographic approach to quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions ”, Uspekhi Fizicheskikh nauk, 135 (2014).

References

1. I. Ya. Arefeva, “Golograficheskoe opisanie kvark-glyuonnoi plazmy, obrazuyuscheisya pri stolknoveniyakh tyazhelykh ionov”, Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, 135 (2014)