The University of Tartu was founded in 1632 by the King of Sweden Gustav II Adolph under the name Academia Gustaviana or Universitas Dorpatensis. After having been closed for a long period because of the Great Northern War, the University was reopened in 1802 as Kaiserliche Universität zu Dorpat, which made a great contribution to the development of natural and medical sciences as well as other sciences in the 19th century. In 1919 the University opened as the first Estonian-language university.

• Institute of Physics, University of Tartu

• Tartu State University