On doubly alternative zero divisors in Cayley–Dickson algebras

Zero divisors of Cayley–Dickson algebras over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{F}$, $\mathrm{char}\, \mathbb{F} \neq 2$, are studied. It is shown that the zero divisors whose components alternate strongly pairwise and have nonzero norm form hexagonal structures in the zero divisor graph of a Cayley–Dickson algebra. Properties of doubly alternative zero divisors at least one of whose components has nonzero norm are established, and explicit forms of their annihilators, othogonalizers, and centralizers are obtained. Properties of zero divisors in Cayley–Dickson algebras with anisotropic norm are described, and it is shown that in this case directed hexagons in the zero divisor graph can be extended to undirected double hexagons in the orthogonality graph. A criterion of $C$-equivalence for elements of Cayley–Dickson algebras with anisotropic norm is obtained. Possible values of dimension for annihilators of elements of Cayley–Dickson algebras are considered.