An axisymmetric model of the ring pattern formation in free-surface two-layered creeping flow

The axisymmetric model based on simplified equations of incompressible viscous fluid is developed to investigate the evolution of free-surface two-layered creeping flow subjected by the uplift of the substrate's block. We numerically solve the nonlinear governing equations and perform the small-amplitude analysis of the behavior of both fluid interfaces. The main result is that a ring pattern does occur on the upper surface provided that the density of the lower layer is greater then that of the upper one. The presented model may be of interest for geophysics to study large-scale ring structures on the Earth and other solid planets.