Solution of the rational interpolation problem via the Hankel polynomial construction

The problem of rational interpolant construction is treated as
$$ r(x)=p(x)/q(x),~\ \{r(x_j)=y_j\}_{j=1}^N,~ \{x_j,y_j\}_{j=1}^N \subset \mathbb C , \ \{p(x),q(x)\} \subset \mathbb C[x] \, . $$
At the basis of one result by C. Jacobi, the interpolant is represented as a ratio of two Hankel polynomials, i. e. polynomials of the form $ \mathcal H_{K}(x)= \det [c_{i+j-1}-c_{i+j-2}x]_{i,j=1}^{K} $. The generating sequence for these polynomials is selected as $ \{\sum_{j=1}^N x_j^ky_j/W^{\prime}(x_j) \}_{k\in \mathbb N} $ for $ q(x) $ and as $ \{\sum_{j=1}^N x_j^k/(y_jW^{\prime}(x_j)) \}_{k\in \mathbb N} $ for polynomial $ p(x) $; here $ W(x)=\prod_{j=1}^N(x-x_j) $. The conditions for the solubility of the problem and irreducibility of the obtained fraction are also presented. In addition to formal representation of the solution in determinantal form, the present paper is focused also at the effective computational algorithm for the Hankel polynomials. It is based on a little known identity by Jacobi and Joachimsthal connecting a triple of the Hankel polynomials of successive orders:
$$ \alpha \mathcal H_K(x)-(x+\beta) \mathcal H_{K-1}(x)+ 1/\alpha \mathcal H_{K-2}(x) \equiv 0 \ , $$
here $ \{\alpha,\beta \} \subset \mathbb C $ are some constants. The proof of this relation is also contained in the paper along with discussion of a degenerate case $ \alpha=0 $. With these results, a procedure for the Hankel polynomial computation can be developed which is recursive in its order. This gives an opportunity not only to compute a single interpolant with specialized degrees for $ p(x) $ and $ q(x) $ but also to compose the whole set of interpolants for an arbitrary combination for the degrees: $ \deg p + \deg q \le N-1 $. The results of the paper can be applied for problems of Approximation Theory, Control Theory (transfer function reconstruction from frequency responses) and for error-correcting coding (Berlekamp–Welch algorithm). Although the presented results are formulated for the case of infinite fields, they are applicable for finite fields as well. Refs 12.