Remote methods for observations of Shiveluch and Bezymianny volcano eruptions

The paper presents the analysis of remote methods for observations during Shiveluch and Bezymianny volcano eruptions accompanied by natural pulse electromagnetic radiation (PER) in VLF range (3-30 kHz) from 2016. Based on the data of Kamchatka Branch of the Federal Research Center «Geophysical Survey RAS» (KB FRC GS RAS) [18], a catalogue of the strongest events on Shiveluch and Bezymianny volcanoes was made for the indicated period. 68 eruptions of Shiveluch volcano and 13 eruptions of Bezymianny volcano were selected as they were recorded by the VLF direction finder and accompanied by electromagnetic pulses that indicates that the eruptions caused «dirty» thunderstorm occurrences. Lightning activity in the ash-gas clouds during the volcanic eruptions was traced by radio technical monitoring means installed in the regions of Karymshina river, Kozyrevsk and Krutoberegovo villages. The scenario of event development has a two-stage character. The first stage of PER increase is accompanied by eruptive column formation and depends on burst power and ash ejection height. The second stage depends on eruption power and cloud propagation duration. Satellite data confirm the information on the motion of eruptive clouds accompanies by successive lightning strokes tracing the trajectory of their propagation. We also give preliminary description of Bezymianny and Shiveluch volcanoes events occurred in April 2023 and accompanied by ash ejections of the height up to 20 and 30 km, respectively.