Laser frequency standards at the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute

This paper briefly reviews work done at the Laboratory of Frequency Standards of the Quantum Radiophysics Division, P. N. Lebedev Institute, on two major targets in research on quantum frequency standards: a superminiature clock based on coherent population trapping in alkali atoms using diode laser pumping (a frequency stability of $10^{-11}$–$10^{-12}$ for an averaging time of $\sim 10^4$ s); and a compact reference oscillator (optical clock) (a frequency stability of $10^{-14}$–$10^{-15}$ is for an averaging time of 1 s) using He–Ne/CH$_4$ and femtosecond fiber lasers.