Application of lasers in nanoscience and nanotechnologies: The methods of study of the properties and applications of nanoparticles, micro- and nanostructuring of matter, creation of functional nanostructures

The unique properties of nanoparticles and nanomaterials cause a grate scientific and practical interest to the above particles and the ensembles prepared from them. In the last years the studies with nanoparticles obtained a rapid development. A considerable progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology was achieved due to the application of lasers. A review of the directions and the results of studies on the application of lasers in nanoscience and nanotechnologies is presented. The methods of obtaining and exploration of the properties and applications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials are analysed. The methods of micro- and nanostructuring of the materials and creation of functional nanostructures are considered at a great length. It is shown, that with the help of laser methods of excitation and melting of nanoparticles one can observe a solid-liquid phase transition in particles, carry out their diagnostics, as well as study the different processes in them. In addition, one can fabricate hollow and transform core-shell nanoparticles, create highly sensitive sensors and contrast agents, carry out the transformation of shape and size of particles, modify surface, fabricate composite metamaterials and quantum dots, carry out micro- and nanostructuring of materials, as well as create different structures and ensembles from nanoparticles. The results of works on the laser nanotechnology of graphene and carbon nanoturbes are discussed. The peculiarities of the work with nanoparticles, as well as the application of the laser nanotechnology methods in the different fields are shortly considered.