Low-frequency oscillations in the direct osmotic process in a membrane with nanosized pores

The existence of low-frequency oscillations (1–10 Hz) in some modes of membrane processes (reverse osmosis, electroosmosis, bioosmotic phenomena, and fuel cells) has long been known. Although oscillations are only an accompanying effect of osmotic processes in membranes, many researchers noted such phenomena in their studies. We were the first to discover pressure fluctuations in an osmotic cell during direct osmosis. In the above osmotic processes, there is a significant impact of external factors (e.g., a superimposed external electric field) — but there are no such factors in the process of direct osmosis, allowing us to assert that oscillations are a consequence of the intrinsic properties of the membrane and the transport of water into the cell that occurs in it, which will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of the processes in the membrane.