Effects of the nanocrystalline state in solids

Recent results on the effect of the nanocrystalline state on the mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties and microscopic structure of metals and solid-phase compounds are reviewed. Basic methods for preparing compact nanocrystalline materials are briefly discussed. Size effects in such materials are discussed in detail and the importance of interfaces in determining the structure and properties of compact nanomaterials is demonstrated. Models explaining the structural features and anomalous properties of nanocrystalline solids are analyzed.