Nonisothermal cross-flow around a cylinder with a square cross section and an impermeable core covered with a porous layer

Nonisothermal cross flow of a viscous incompressible fluid around a porous cylinder with a square cross section is considered. Main attention is paid when an impermeable core of the cylinder is surrounded with a porous layer. The full system of Navier–Stokes and energy equations is integrated numerically by the finite-volume method. The hydrodynamic interaction between the flow and the matrix of the porous layer is described by Darcy’s law. At moderate Reynolds numbers, the influence of the permeability of the porous layer on the nature of the flow and the heat exchange between the cylinder and the flow is studied. It is shown that, with increasing permeability, heat transfer from the cylinder increases mainly on its front side. From the analysis of the data obtained, an approximate formula for the mean Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds and Darcy numbers is derived. The results of the calculation of hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of the cross-flow around an impermeable and a fully permeable cylinder are also presented.