An investigation of the optical-and-thermophysical and gasdynamic characteristics of femtosecond laser ablation of structural materials of the polymer series

A description is made of the experimental-diagnostic module with femtosecond terawatt laser complex ($\tau_{0.5} \sim 45$–$70$ fs, $\lambda = 266$, $400$, and $800$ nm) and of the pioneering procedure of combined ultrahighspeed interferometry and interference microscopy (Michelson and Mach–Zehnder schemes) of the processes of interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and condensed media in vacuum. Results are given for the first time of the investigation of spectral-energy thresholds and rates of laser ablation of a number of solidstate media using elements of the polymer series (C$_2$F$_4$)$_n$, (CH$_2$O)$_n$ in the UV-NIR wavelength range of laser radiation in atmospheric conditions and in vacuum $p \sim 10^{-2}$ Pa.