Anisotropic cosmology with a dilaton field coupled to ghost dark energy

We study a dilaton scalar field coupled to ghost dark energy in an anisotropic universe. The evolution of dark energy, which dominates the universe, can be completely described by a single dilaton scalar field. This connection allows reconstructing the kinetic energy and also the dynamics of the dilaton scalar field according to the evolution of the energy density. Using the latest observational data, we obtain bounds on the ghost dark energy models and also on generalized dark matter and dark energy. For this, we investigate how the expansion history $H(z)$ is determined by observational quantities. We calculate the evolution of density perturbations in the linear regime for both ghost and generalized ghost dark energy and compare the results with $\Lambda$CDM models. We discuss the justification of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in a Bianchi type-I universe. The obtained model is stable for large time intervals but is unstable at small times.