New method for constructing semi-invariants and integrals of the full symmetric $\mathfrak{sl}_n$ Toda lattice

We consider the full symmetric representation of the Lax operator matrix of the Toda lattice, which is known as the full symmetric Toda lattice. The phase space of this system is the generic orbit of the coadjoint action of the Borel subgroup $B^+_n$ of $SL_n(\mathbb R)$. This system is integrable. We propose a new method for constructing semi-invariants and integrals of the full symmetric Toda lattice. Using only the equations of motion for the Lax eigenvector matrix, we prove the existence of the semi-invariants that are Plücker coordinates in the corresponding projective spaces. We use these semi-invariants to construct the integrals. Our new approach provides simple exact formulas for the full set of independent semi-invariants and integrals expressed in terms of the Lax matrix and also in terms of its eigenvector and eigenvalue matrices of the full symmetric Toda lattice without using the chopping and Kostant procedures. We describe the structure of the additional integrals of motion as functions on the flag space modulo the Toda flows and show how the Plücker coordinates of different projective spaces define different families of the additional integrals.