Information architecture of the power system digital twin

The principles of formation, updating, verification, and application of information basis of the power system digital twin, viz. a virtual copy that accurately reproduces and specifies the state and behavior of the original in real time are considered. A six-layer digital twin architecture is proposed which includes an ontological model, a digital schema, electronic documentation, an information model of the facility, real-time data from meters and sensors, and mathematical and simulation models. The structure of the interaction of digital twin layers during the facility operation is shown, including verification cycles. The formal algebraic approach to building a holistic digital twin of the distributed energy system from twins of components is proposed on the basis of the category theory which is considered as the appropriate mathematical device of model-based systems engineering. The principles of implementation of digital twin layers are described, with examples based on open source software.