Connection between holomorphic vector bundles and cohomology on a Riemann surface and conjugation boundary value problems

This paper studies interconnections between holomorphic vector bundles on compact Riemann surfaces and the solution of the homogeneous conjugation boundary value problem for analytic functions on the one hand, and cohomology and the solution of the inhomogeneous problem on the other. We establish that constructing the general solution to the homogeneous problem with arbitrary coefficients in the boundary conditions is equivalent to classifying holomorphic vector bundles. Solving the inhomogeneous problem is equivalent to checking the solvability of $1$-cocycles with coefficients in the sheaf of sections of a bundle; in particular, the solvability conditions in the inhomogeneous problem determine obstructions to the solvability of $1$-cocycles, i.e. the first cohomology group. Using this connection, we can apply the methods of boundary value problems to vector bundles. The results enable us to elucidate the role of boundary value problems in the general theory of Riemann surfaces.