Halogen derivatives of benzo- and dibenzocrown ethers: synthesis, structure, properties and application

Methods of synthesis of halogenated benzo- and dibenzocrown ether derivatives are surveyed: halogenation of benzo- and dibenzocrown ethers with molecular halogens, $N$-halosuccinimides in the solid phase and different media (water, ethanol, halohydrocarbons) and hypohalites in water, as well as the 'assembly' method. Reactions of these compounds are considered: synthesis of phosphorus-containing crown ethers, organometallic synthesis, the Heck and Sonogashira reactions, synthesis of acetylene derivatives and other reactions. Special attention is focused on the complexing properties of halogenated benzocrown ethers with respect to ionic guests and neutral organic molecules. The possibility of synthesis of complexes of such compounds in the solid phase is demonstrated. The extraction and sorption properties of halogenated benzo- and dibenzocrown ethers are considered. Examples of practical use of these compounds are presented.
The bibliography includes 203 references.