Outer-sphere Complexes in Analytical Chemistry

Published data on the use of outer-sphere complexes, formed from coordinatively saturated inner-sphere complexes and ligands, cationic species, or molecules of organic solvents present in the outer sphere, in present-day analytical chemistry have been reviewed. The characteristic features of the outer-sphere complexes, namely their relatively low stability and low activation energy for reactions in the outer sphere, together with their variety, make these complexes effective for the separation, isolation, and more particularly determination of inorganic and organic substances. The consequent improvement in the sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of analytical determinations has been discussed.
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