The chemistry of peroxynitrite. Reaction mechanisms and kinetics

Methods for the preparation of peroxynitrite and its physical and chemical properties are considered. The pathways, mechanisms and kinetics of the decomposition and best-studied reactions with hydrocarbons, dimethyl sulfoxide and other substrates are analysed. The emphasis is placed on the nature of reactive species in peroxynitrite reactions and on the reasons for its high and polyfunctional reactivity. The biochemical role of this important inorganic oxidant formed in vivo is outlined.