Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Systems under the Influence of Transition Metal Compounds

Liquid-phase reactions involving the oxidative coupling of aromatic systems (including heteroaromatic systems and aryl derivatives of the elements) to the corresponding biaryls under the influence of transition metal compounds are examined. Attention is concentrated on reactions under the influence of palladium(II) salts and complexes, which constitute the group of the most important reactions of this class. Oxidative coupling under the influence of other oxidants, including strong one-electron oxidants such as cobalt(III), manganese(III), cerium(IV), iron(III), etc., is considered for comparison.
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