Structural Chemistry of Substituted Benzene Derivatives

Structural data for substituted benzene derivatives (bond lengths and angles) are summarised. A structural scheme of the deformation of a bonds in the benzene ring under the influence of electron-donating and electron-accepting substituents is based on X-ray diffraction results. The general rule is revealed that the valence angle of a substituted carbon atom in the benzene ring increases with the nuclear potential of the substituents. A correlation is established between such angles and the Taft inductive constants. The structural characteristics of substituted benzenes are compared with those of metal complexes. A list of 258 references is included.