β-Elimination in the β-substituted propionic acid series

CONTENTS
I. β-Substituted propionic acids 839
II. Esters of β-substituted propionic acids 840
III. Amides of β-substituted propionic acids 841
IV. Nitriles of β-substituted propionic acids 841
V. Alkylations with the aid of β-substituted propionic acids and their derivatives 843
VI. Mechanism of β-eliminations 844