Structure and properties of polymers in terms of the fractal approach

The review considers various manifestations of fractality in the description of the synthesis of macromolecules and the formation of the quasi-equilibrium state in polymers, fluctuation free volume, macromolecular frameworks, order parameters, and dissipative structures, acting as centres of shear stress in clusters. The possibility of numerical modelling of the properties of network polymers within the framework of fractal formalism is demonstrated. The methods for determination of the fractal dimension are described. The bibliography includes 248 references.