Organic reactions on the surface of silicon dioxide: synthetic applications

The literature data on the specific features of organic reactions in the presence of silicon dioxide (predominantly in the unmodified form) and its use for synthetic purposes are analysed. Oxidation (including dry ozonisation), reduction, alkylation and acylation, halogenation, elimination, hydrolytic and dehydration reactions, intermolecular cycloaddition and other cyclisation reactions, three-membered ring opening reactions, and peroxide decomposition reactions, as well as certain photochemical reactions are considered. In the processes investigated, the surface of silicon dioxide can function as a catalyst, as a solid medium for the occurrence of reactions, and/or as a matrix influencing the stereospecificity. The bibliography includes 214 references.