Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

The most important classes of heterogeneous catalytic reactions involving CO₂ are examined: the incorporation of CO₂ in the C–C, C–H, and C–N bonds with formation of carbonyl- and carboxyl-containing compounds and oxidation of other compounds by CO₂. Reactions of the second class are more promising from the standpoint of the utilisation of carbon dioxide as a chemical raw material and from the standpoint of the solution of the ecological problems involving its utilisation from the gaseous waste discharged into the atmosphere. The reactions involving the oxidation of C₁–C₇ hydrocarbons and C₁–C₂ alcohols by carbon dioxide, which have been investigated by the authors of this review, are examined in detail. Catalysts based on manganese oxides are most effective in these reactions. The bibliography includes 231 references.