Bifunctional electrochemical systems

The electrochemical reduction and oxidation of metal ions accompanied by the formation of a film on the electrode-electrolyte boundary is discussed. The formation of a film having a mixed conduction type and consisting of oxide-hydroxide compounds of the metal denotes the presence of a new system: the electrode-film-electrolyte system, called a bifunctional electrochemical system because it can act an electrolyte and as an electrode simultaneously. The bibliography includes 112 references.