Chemically modified electrodes as amperometric sensors in electroanalysis

The state and prospects in the devolopment of new fields of electroanalytical chemistry, namely amperometric sensors based on chemically modified electrodes, are examined. The methods for the construction of these electrodes, the types of modifying agents, and the mechanisms of their response to substrates are discussed. The analytical possibilities of chemically modified electrodes, including amperometric biosensors based on them, in the solution of problems associated with ecology, medicine, and pharmocology are demonstrated. The bibliography includes 131 references.