Aggregation of dye molecules and its influence on the spectral luminescent properties of solutions

The principal results of studies carried out in recent years on the molecular aggregation of organic dyes and pigments in solutions are examined and surveyed in the present review. Attention is concentrated on the influence of association on the photoenergetics of the dye molecules. Theoretical studies on the spectral-luminescent spectroscopic characteristics of the molecular aggregates are briefly considered. Studies on the anisotropy of the absorption and on the emission from the associated species are described. Investigations of the concentration depolarisation and concentration quenching of the fluorescence of dye solutions are subjected to a critical analysis. The results of studies of the mixed association of dye molecules and of its influence on the lasing characteristics of the solutions are presented. The physicochemical conditions affecting the efficiency of the association process are examined. The bibliography includes 251 references.