Investigation of an interferometric modulator based on channel waveguides in LiNbO$_3$

A calculation is reported of the characteristics of an interferometric modulator based on single-mode channel waveguides in a $Y$-cut LiNbO$_3$ crystal, carried out for different waveguide parameters and different electrode systems. An analysis is made of the influence of displacement of the electrode system relative to the waveguide system on the control voltage of the modulator. A description is given of an interferometric modulator with a control voltage 1.6 V and a modulation depth $\gtrsim$ 90 %. Measurements of the frequency characteristic of this modulator are reported.