Influence of collisions of atoms with walls of a storage chamber on the emission frequency of a hydrogen maser

An investigation is made of the gain profile of a maser utilizing transitions between hyperfine components of the energy levels of the hydrogen atom in a storage chamber. It is shown that deviations of the gain profile from the Lorentzian form appear at a frequency stability level of ~10^–15 and they give rise to dependences of the transition frequency in the maser on the shape of the storage chamber as well as on the field configuration in the resonator.