Integrated-optical Bragg modulator with variable-period inclined electrodes

An investigation was made of an integrated-optical Bragg modulator based on a Ti-diffused waveguide in LiNbO₃ with electrodes characterized by a linearly varying spatial frequency and a variable inclination, designed to focus light in the waveguide plane. The focal length of the modulator was F = 38 mm, the half-wave voltage was U_λ/2 = 7.5 V, and the width of the pass band was Δf = 430 MHz.