Matching methods for integrated-optics devices and fiber-optic communication lines (review)

A review is given of the literature on the principles of compatibility and on matching methods suitable for integrated-optics devices and fiber-optic communication lines. The general principles of compatibility of fiber and other waveguides are given. A detailed analysis is made of the main coupling methods, including the direct excitation of the end face and the optical tunneling method. Devices for matching single-mode and multimode waveguides to various types of fiber waveguides are discussed comprehensively. Methods and devices for matching planar and three-dimensional waveguides are considered as well as corresponding methods for matching radiation sources (semiconductor lasers and light-emitting diodes) to fiber and other waveguides. General trends and principal directions of further research are considered.