Formation of dynamic diffraction gratings and phase conjugation under conditions of optocapillary profiling of thin liquid layers

Dynamic diffraction gratings were formed and phase conjugation of laser radiation was achieved experimentally using a nonlinear optical medium in the form of a thin liquid layer with its surface profile modulated by the optically induced Marangoni effect. The characteristic relaxation time of such a grating, the diffraction efficiency, and the reflection coefficient under the phase conjugation conditions were determined. The experiments were interpreted by a calculation of the amplitudes of modulation of the surface profile of the liquid layer and of the diffraction efficiency of the grating.