Nonreciprocal optical effects in moving periodic absorption and amplification gratings

The nonreciprocal amplitude and phase effects emerging upon the passage of counterpropagating light waves through moving periodic absorption or amplification gratings are studied theoretically. Analytic expressions are derived for amplitude and phase nonreciprocity. It is shown that the maximum phase nonreciprocity corresponds to the incidence of light waves on a moving grating at the Bragg angle.