Lasing efficiency of krypton ions in the (8–14)-nm band upon pulsed laser excitation

The emission spectra of krypton plasma in the range of 8–14 nm upon excitation of a pulsed gas jet by 1.06-μm Nd : YAG laser radiation with a pulse energy of 0.85 J, pulse duration of 5.2 ns, and repetition rate of 10 Hz are investigated. The krypton emission spectrum is a wide (8–14 nm) band, peaking at 10.3 nm, which is formed by a series of much narrower lines. The observed lines are identified, and the fraction of laser pulse energy converted into the (8–14)-nm emission band and emitted into half-space (2π sr) is determined. The maximum conversion efficiency is found to be 21%. The expected throughputs of lithographic systems with sources based on Sn, Xe, and Kr ions for different wavelengths, corresponding to the emission peaks of ions of these materials, are compared.