Methods for analysing the quality of the element base of quantum information technologies

Methods for analysing the quality of the element base of quantum information technologies are considered. Methods for simulating quantum operations with allowance for quantum noise, based on the formalism of quantum operations (operator sum method and Choi–Jamiolkowski isomorphism), are described. Results of simulating some one- and two-qubit quantum transformations with allowance for the amplitude and phase relaxation and the presence of depolarising noise are reported. The quantum state tomography, based on the root approach and maximum likelihood method, is considered. The method of guaranteed estimation of quantum tomography accuracy, which implies quantitative estimation of measurement results, is described. Tomography of a singlequbit transformation on a superconducting quantum processor (IBM) is performed. The practical purpose of the study is to provide high quality and efficiency of quantum information technologies. The results obtained can be used to improve the quality of logic gates of quantum computers and debug the procedures of quantum state control in quantum cryptography problems.