Holography in biology and medicine

A review is given of methods for obtaining optical and ultrasonic holographic images to study biological objects and for medical diagnostics. A technique is described for obtaining a coded aperture image with Fresnel zone plates in X-rays with the use of a solid-state image amplifier. On the basis of the in-line holography scheme a hologram ametropy tester has been developed to determine visual acuity. Schlieren holograms of trembling fingers have been obtained. A holographic method is described for determination of the volume distribution of a malignant tumor. Ultrasonic holography methods are used to study tissue characteristics. A holographic Fourier spectrometer is being developed to study radiation backscattering by the retina. Examples are given of bioholcgraphic models of information processes.