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This article is cited in 5 scientific papers (total in 5 papers)
The scattering of light, the passage of radiation through the atmosphere
Scattering effect on the imaging depth limitin two-photon fluorescence microscopy
E. A. Sergeeva Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod
Abstract:
A model for the propagation of a focused light beam in a strongly scattering medium is used to analyse various factors that limit the capability of two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) to image deep sections of optically thick biological specimens. The TPFM imaging depth is shown to be limited by three main factors: (1) beam broadening as a result of multiple small-angle scattering, leading to a loss of submicron lateral resolution; (2) strong near-surface fluorescence at large imaging depths as a result of the increase in average source power in order to compensate for scattering losses; (3) reduction in useful two-photon fluorescence signal level because of the exponential attenuation of the excitation power. The influence of these factors is examined in a small-angle diffusion approximation of radiative transfer theory. The first two of them are shown to set a fundamental TPFM limit, whereas the last is an instrumental limitation and appears to be the most critical to state-of-the-art commercial two-photon laser scanning microscopy systems for the vast majority of fluorophores in current use.
Received: 26.02.2010 Revised: 08.04.2010
Citation:
E. A. Sergeeva, “Scattering effect on the imaging depth limitin two-photon fluorescence microscopy”, Kvantovaya Elektronika, 40:5 (2010), 411–417 [Quantum Electron., 40:5 (2010), 411–417]
Linking options:
https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/qe14319 https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/qe/v40/i5/p411
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