Waveguide channel components for optical integrated circuits based on three-dimensional optical waveguides

A review is given of the literature on the development, selection, and design of waveguide channel components for optical integrated circuits based on three-dimensional (channel and strip) optical waveguides. An analysis is made of the main types of three-dimensional optical waveguides and their properties are compared. Methods for the design of such waveguides are considered. Detailed attention is given to the effective refractive index method, which is of the greatest relevance in practice. Selection and calculation of the parameters of channel and strip optical waveguides for integrated circuits is discussed. Other topics dealt with are various connections of three-dimensional optical waveguides on a shared substrate: waveguide junctions, horns, bends, and elbows of optical waveguides, waveguide components based on coupled waveguides, branching and crossing configurations of three-dimensional waveguides. The relationships needed in the choice and optimization of the parameters of the waveguide channel in optical integrated circuits are also given.