Current status and future prospects of lunar laser-ranging studies (review)

A review is given of the lunar laser-ranging investigations published in 1962–1975. The following principal subjects are considered: theoretical analysis of problems in geodesy, geophysics, and astrometry, which can be solved by lunar laser ranging; design, manufacturing, and delivery to the moon of corner-cube retroreflectors; laser ranging apparatus; laser measurements of the distance to the moon (the first scientific and practical results). It is shown that lunar laser ranging provides a promising method for studies of the earth-moon system. The main future developments in the technology of laser measurements of the distance to the moon are discussed briefly, particularly the possibility of increasing the energy efficiency and precision of laser ranging systems. It is concluded that in international organization for lunar laser ranging should be established.