Challenges to the supercomputer development in Russia: a HPC user perspective

Over the past decade, active government support accelerated development of supercomputer industry in Russia. Today, there are several large super-computers of large performance, which solve a growing number of problems. Supercomputer education in Russia is maturing. At the same time, one can observe an unbalanced development with respect to the supercomputer architectures, and a lack of massive parallelism in the solution of applied problems. The article briefly describes the main trends of how the supercomputer architecture and interconnect evolved since the 1990s. The main trends highlighted, which is winning in a competitive environment of increasing demand for high performance computing using a growing number of processors (cores) for a given problem. We discuss what could be done to put Russia into the same main trend. Critical attitude of this article seeks in no way to underestimate the progress in the development of Russian supercomputer industry. This is an attempt to focus the attention of the community on the challenges we feel today using HPC in research that could be competitive in the international context. (in Russian).