Effect of surface permeability on the structure of a separated turbulent flow and heat transfer behind a backward-facing step

The structure and heat transfer in a turbulent separated flow in a suddenly expanding channel with injection (suction) through a porous wall are numerically simulated with the use of two-dimensional averaged Navier–Stokes equations, energy equations, and $(v^2-f)$ turbulence model. It is shown that enhancement of the intensity of the transverse mass flux on the wall reduces the separation region length in the case of suction and increases the separation region length in the case of injection up to boundary layer displacement. The maximum heat transfer coefficient as a function of permeability is accurately described by the asymptotic theory of a turbulent boundary layer.