Effect of wall heating on the characteristics of reverse wall flow in a turbulent stream in a square channel

Direct numerical modeling is used to study the effect of wall heating on the characteristics of reverse wall flow that occurs during turbulent flow of various coolants in a channel with a square cross-section. The temperature field is considered both in the passive impurity approximation and in the low Mach number approximation. Qualitative and quantitative results were obtained characterizing the probability of the occurrence of reverse wall flows in all considered cases at the Reynolds number $\mathrm{Re} = 3150$, calculated from the average flow velocity and half-height of the channel. It has been established that in the considered cases, heating of the walls leads to an increase in the probability of the formation of reverse wall flows by an average of $2$–$3$ times.