Diagnostics of powerful electron beams using total-absorption calorimeters

The possibility of diagnosing an electron beam ejected into the atmosphere using total-absorption calorimeters is examined for the purpose of studying dynamic effects in materials irradiated in powerful electron accelerators. A diagram is given of the ring calorimeter used to measure energy fluence in IGUR-3 and ÉMIR-M accelerators up to values of (2.0 – 2.5) $\cdot$ 10$^2$ J/cm$^2$. The fraction of the incident electron energy absorbed in the calorimeter is calculated, the effect of the electron spectrum on the measurement results is shown, and heat-transfer problems are considered. It is established that measurement results can be used to determine the volume-averaged calorimeter temperature at the moment of termination of the electron pulse; this temperature is uniquely related to the electron energy absorbed in the calorimeter.