Free and forced vibrations of double-layered viscoelastic orthotropic graphene sheets with a high-order surface stress effect

Transverse vibrations of a double-layered viscoelastic orthotropic graphene sheet system are investigated. The two sheets in the system are coupled by the visco-Pasternak medium. General governing equations for free and forced vibrations of the double-layered graphene sheet system with a high-order surface stress effect are formulated. Theoretical solutions for the damped vibrational frequency, damping ratio, and relative deflection of the two sheets with simply supported boundary conditions are obtained. The effects of the high-order surface stress on the damped frequency and damping ratio of the system for in-phase and out-of-phase free vibrations are discussed. The impacts of the high-order surface stress, structural damping, medium damping, Winkler modulus, and shear modulus of the medium on the relative deflection of the two sheets for forced vibrations are investigated. It is demonstrated that the high-order surface stress effects on the vibrational properties of the system are more significant than those of the conventional surface stress.